INFORMATION NETWORKING AS TECHNOLOGY TOOLS, USES, AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS essayEssay Writing Service

INFORMATION NETWORKING AS TECHNOLOGY TOOLS, USES, AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS essayEssay Writing Service INFORMATION NETWORKING AS TECHNOLOGY: TOOLS, USES, AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS essay INFORMATION NETWORKING AS TECHNOLOGY: TOOLS, USES, AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS essayInformation overload is a commonly discussed topic nowadays. The new means of communication, increasing data flows from electronic sources, radio, TV, banners and other media channels require greater attention and effort from modern people. At the same time, the history of the humanity shows that since early ages the advancements in information storage, information processing and sharing led to the increase of information flows in the society, so information overload might not be a new concept for the mankind. In any way, the efficiency of human beings and organizations during the transition from printed to electronic media remains an important concern. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether organizations are more likely to find better solutions to the existing information overload through changes to their technical systems, their social systems or the changes of both systems. History o f information management According to Blair (2010), the complaint about information overload was common in different cultures and in different ages: when printing was invented, people were complaining about too many books, and with the advent of electronic media these complaints simply changed their target. Along with the evolution of data storage techniques, the methods of data sorting, categorizing, selecting and summarizing also evolved.At the same time, although the tendency towards the increase of information flows emerged many centuries ago, there is evidence that the exponential growth of information which is witnessed nowadays has particularly negative consequences for human cognition. According to Wardrop (2009), modern people receive about 23 words per second, and such intensive flow of information has a detrimental effect on brain functioning. People tend to disconnect from ach other and their attention spans become shorter. Hence, human brain devotes less time to the pro cesses of connecting information, integrating it into knowledge and converting these findings into deeper thoughts, beliefs and world outlook. Information and knowledgeInformation processing by the human beings takes place in several stages. Most commonly, researchers outline the following states: data, information, knowledge, understanding and wisdom (Bellinger, Castro Mills, 2004). Each of these layers builds up on the previous layer, so it is not possible to reach the next layer without mastering the previous ones. Data pertains to some messages encoded in symbolic form; information denotes that data that were processed by a human being and which are associated with some particular facts or meanings. The next step, knowledge, takes place when the information is applied and the person working with the information can answer relevant questions starting with how (Bellinger, Castro Mills, 2004). Furthermore, understanding is associated with a deeper level of data processing when th e person can answer the question why, and wisdom denotes the understanding evaluated in the context of ones integral world outlook.The core issue with the information overload that is taking place nowadays is that the boundaries between information and knowledge are being blurred, and that due to extended time required for converting data into information and information into knowledge, there is no time to more to the next levels of information processing. These trends are especially visible in the social networks, Twitter conversations and other modern means of information exchange (Green, 2010). Socio-technical approachThe volumes of information consumption are increasing in geometric progression: for example, the volume of words consumed by the people in the U.S. has more than doubled between 1980 and 2008 (and this statistic does not include in-person conversations) (Wardrop, 2009). Evidently, human brains need to adapt to the changing consequences, and human beings currently ex perience difficulties between the existing channels of information processing and the requirements of the new environment. In order to stay efficient, human beings should either alter brain mechanisms responsible for information processing, or improve technical means of retrieving and filtering information, or combine both approaches. The same relates to organizations: in order to survive in the modern environment, organizations should enhance their means of information processing, both technical and social, and enhance the alignment between these two approaches.The research of Kwan (2011) shows that the performance of software companies depends both on the technical and social components, and that companies with efficient technical tools still experience failures, primarily due to the human component and the lack of social interaction between team members. The main thesis of this paper is the following: organizations need to improve technical means helping people to manage, access and retrieve the relevant data upon request, and at the same time should enhance the social interactions between the people in the organization. Counter-argumentsAccording to Ott (2010), the term information overload is too much hyped, and in reality there is no such thing as information overload. Instead, according to Ott (2010), there is the lack of proper information filters and there are people who therefore allow excess information to overwhelm them. The major constraint in this case is time constraint. Ott (2010) states that it is possible to overcome the challenges of information filtering by introducing new techniques and methods enabling people to cope with the existing data flows, just like catalogs and book reviews helped people to cope with the increase of information flows after the advent of printing.However, Ott misses one important thing: the intensity of data flows in the modern world also requires faster and more efficient reactions, and there emerge situations wh en people or organizations have to deal with unexpected data flows (or technical means of coping with data flows produce errors). In order to be comfortable in this world, human beings and organizations have to reconsider their social reactions to the rapidly changing environment and combine their new reactions and perceptions with the advanced technical means of data filtering and selecting. The use of pure technical means for addressing the challenge of information overload is insufficient because in this case people will be less integrated into the society and more isolated from others due to technology.ConclusionThe volumes of information that people have to face nowadays are impressive: during the next 4 years the humanity is expected to generate more data that it has accumulated during all previous world history. This means that people should invent more efficient and more intelligent technical tools for information processing, retrieval and management that are aware of the co ntext and can assist people handle data overload (Fischer, 2012).At the same time, improvement of technical tools only does not guarantee success, as it is shown by Kwan (2011). Therefore, in order to handle information overload, organizations should make sure that they are using efficient technical tools, optimize social interaction between its members and align the use of technical and social interactions into an integral system.

KU, University of Kansas GPA, ACT SAT Admissions Data

KU, University of Kansas GPA, ACT SAT Admissions Data KU GPA, SAT and ACT Graph University of Kansas GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at the University of Kansas? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of KUs Admissions Standards: KU, the University of Kansas in Lawrence, isnt painfully selective, but students will need decent grades and test scores to get in. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. The majority of students who got in had high school GPAs of B- or higher, SAT scores (RWM) of 1000 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 20 or higher. Higher numbers clearly improve your chances. Youll notice a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the blue and green of the graph. Some students with grades and standardized test scores on target for Kansas did not get in. On the flip side, a handful of students were accepted with test scores and grades a bit below the norm. This is because the University of Kansas admissions process is not entirely quantitative. Grades, test scores and class rank play the largest role in the process, but Kansas is looking for students who have completed a challenging college preparatory curriculum, not just students with good grades. Also, admission standards vary from program to program. To learn more about the University of Kansas , high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: University of Kansas Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring the University of Kansas: KU Photo TourKansas CollegesBig 12 ConferencePhi Beta KappaAssociation of American Universities If You Like the University of Kansas, You May Also Like These Schools Kansas State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph  University of Iowa:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashburn University:  Profile  University of Arkansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIowa State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArizona State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Kentucky:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Florida:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Texas - Austin:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oklahoma:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphEmporia State University:  Profile  University of Missouri:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Ethical Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Issue - Essay Example The meaning of ethical issues is dealing with or regarding the principles or morals of morality (MacNair, 2003). Ethical issues are concerning the rights and wrongs in conduct, expressing or involving moral approval, in reference to principles of conduct, which are regarded correct, particularly those of a given group or profession for instance nursing. Basic values of saving life, as well as alleviating suffering, is shared by a member of the nursing and medical professions (Bandman, 2002). Codes of honesty, confidentiality and colleagueship, are also anticipated in these groups. Nevertheless, the spirit of obedience and servitude, questioned by Mitchell (2008), but influenced by a majority of nurses, has led to numerous differences in the manner in which dilemmas are tackled and the context in which doctors and nurses regard their professional ethics. This paper will give a comprehensive overview of an ethical issue and its relationship to the ethical and legal aspects of nursing o r other health care professions. It will include an exploration of the pro and con sides of the ethical issue and take a stand on the issue and also critically evaluate the current impact of the ethical issue. ... A majority of the stands nurses presume in this dilemma are persuaded by their own values and beliefs (Bandman, 2002). The consequences, at times, are harsh to both the nurse and the patient. Therefore, how does a nurse provide her services to a patient who has gone through an abortion, when the nurse regards abortion as murder? Should the nurse, with very different values, support the patient’s right to decide her autonomy? Pro Side of the Issue The most frequent reasons why women consider abortion are: Unable to care or support for the child. Birth control failure. Nearly half of all women who have gone through an abortion made use of a contraceptive technique in the month they got pregnant (MacNair, 2003). To stop the birth of a child with harsh medical problems or birth defects. Such defects are frequently unidentified until routine second-trimester assessments are carried out. To terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Mental or physical conditions, which jeopardize the pregnant woman’s health when the pregnancy is continued. Pregnancy resulting from incest or rape. All these are strong reasons why abortion is considered (Bandman, 2002). I also think that a pregnant woman ought to have access to a harmless, legal abortion if she requires one. I endorse a pregnant woman's right to harmless, legal abortion since centuries of history tells us that women are going to make the final decision regarding abortions whether they are legal and safe, or not. Furthermore, when the act is not safe and legal, these women might die terribly or be damaged permanently meaning that they might become barren (MacNair, 2003). Therefore, the pro side of this issue is that it saves women the possibility of going through an unsafe and illegal abortion. In my dream utopia, there would

Tobacco growth Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tobacco growth - Lab Report Example The study recommends growth of Burley tobacco in artificial soil. Research questions The study sought to investigate the following research questions. Does the soil type affect germination of plants? Does the soil type affect the growth of plants? Hypotheses In order to answer the research questions, the research explored the following sets of hypotheses, Ha1:  µA=  µP=  µO; there is no significant different on the effect of type of soil on germination of tobacco. (Where  µA,  µP, and  µO are the mean percentage of germinated seeds for artificial, plain, and organic soils respectively) Ho1: Any of the  µA,  µP, or  µO is different; there is a significant difference in the soil’s effects on the ability of tobacco to germinate. Ha2:  µA=  µP=  µO; There is no significant difference on the effects of type of soil on the tobacco’s grow. (Where  µA,  µP, and  µO are the mean length of the plants for artificial, plain, and organic soils respectiv ely) Ho2: Any of the  µA,  µP, or  µO is different; there is significant differences in the soil’s effects on the ability of tobacco grow. Materials and methods Materials The following materials were used in the experiments; Burley tobacco seeds, 15 small growers’ pots, labeling stickers, three different types of soil (artificial, plain and organic), light spray, tweezers, spatula, water, and zip-ock-bags. Design The research applied a complete randomized design in its experimental set up. The design involves separate blocks for experiments and each block has the same number of treatment. The design was selected for its advantages that would facilitate exploration of the research questions and the research hypotheses. One of its advantages is its level of precision that also eliminates error because of existence of control. It also offers more information as compared to other designs because treatments across all blocks can be paired during analysis. The design i s also simple to implement and is flexible. It is however suitable for blocks with relatively small sizes (Montgometry and Runger, 2010). Research procedure The research process involved acquisition of 15 small grower’s pots that were labeled with the group’s identification number. The pots were organized for three treatments and each treatment had five replicates that were achieved in five different pots and were each labeled. Each of the pots was filled to 1 inch below the top with the appropriate soil. Using a light spray from the hose, the soil was saturated, evenly, so that it settled. One more inch of soil was then added to the saturated soil from the top and watered. The process was repeated until the potting mix no longer settled. Tweezers was then used to disperse 10 tobacco seeds into a small beaker before the 10 seeds were evenly and randomly distributed across the surface of each pot. Care was taken to get exactly 10 seeds into each pot. Each pot was then s lowly dipped into a pan of water until saturation was achieved. â€Å"Watering from the bottom† technique was used, throughout the study, to achieve this. The pots were then sealed in their own labeled Zip-Lock bag and placed, randomly, under grow lights as directed. Once a week, we went down as a group to count how many plants had germinated and watered our plants. We placed a toothpick next to each sprout to mark its location for analytics purposes in case germinated seeds dried up. At the end of the study, we determined the percentage germination and

Cold War Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay In the European theater of operations for WWII, the Allied victory and the Axis loss resulted in unprecedented destruction of the economy of the region. The Americans felt that the United States had a purpose to work for the revival of the European economy along the lines of political and social factors that could allow free countries to emerge (qtd. in May par. 2). The sweep of such a purpose on into a solid commitment was not perceived or hoped for at the outset. In the United States the Executive branch (including the State Department) and the US Congress were often at odds about what to do about the European economic situation. But there was agreement that the aftermath of WWII must not come to have a result in any fashion like the economic conditions that prevailed after WWI (Marshall Plan Par. 7). It was initially felt that the United States involvement in European recovery would not be costly or time consuming. It was thought that Europe and especially the United Kingdom and France with their colonies, could pull themselves back up in short order (Marshall Plan par. 4). The cold winters after the war did not help the situation. The worst winter in a century was experienced in Europe in 1946-47 (Kunz par. 5). There was high unemployment, food shortages, and strikes. In particular, the food shortages sparked humanitarian and relief efforts among various organizations. The new United Nations sponsored much of this effort and it was almost all funded by the United States (Marshall Plan par. 11). Not enough of this was organized well enough or in great enough amounts to do more than to briefly alleviate the problem. American troops in Europe also lent a hand in repair and refugee work. For the long term, the food shortages could be seen to keep on occurring since the traditional source for supplies for Western European had come from Eastern Europe (Judd â€Å"East-West Trade† par. 2). After these winters of food shortage, it was becoming apparent that a divided Europe was becoming the norm. The awareness of such a division was not generally acknowledged prior to these harsh winters. President Truman entered the United States into some bilateral agreements intending to militarily aid Greece and Turkey. These countries could be seen as being in East Europe. They were facing subversive efforts by communists to take over those countries. For Western Europe, some thought the Morgenthau Plan could be used (Marshall Plan par. 13). This plan supposed massive war reparations could be extracted from Germany to restore the countries other than Germany. There was also the Monnet Plan (Marshall Plan par. 13) which proposed more punishment of Germany since France would control the Ruhr and Saar coal regions for French purposes. On a purely monetary front the Bretton Woods agreements of 1944 established the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for loans to European nations (Kunz par. 7). The funds made available for these loans were proving to not be of the necessary magnitude. It had been assumed that the international economic system was sound and that an initial infusion of monetary aid would do the trick. But even more was needed. The American agricultural production was unimpaired, the level of manufacturing output was unprecedented, and the American gold reserves were safe. An outlet was needed to sustain and use the economic prowess of the American transition from wartime to domestic and foreign consumption. The economic plan for a reconstruction of Western Europe, if needed, could borrow from the New Deal experience as the American response to the Great Depression had been accomplished. Early in 1947, evidence of a recession brewing in the United States turned some economist’s attention to a need to assure European purchases of American goods. The Americans did not want to see continued European wartime controls and plans which had placed the idea of a continuance of control and regulation by European governments as conclusive. Many in Europe were looking to the Soviet Unions central planning controlled by the state. The Soviets were reporting very high growth rates with the prospect of prosperity just around the corner (DeLong and Eichengreen 11). The Americans had not successfully concluded a war in Europe to end fascist tyranny and oppression only to then see a different brand of tyranny and oppression in its place. This threat was perceived to be the communists, Soviet or otherwise. The Soviet influence was directly felt on Eastern Europe. The American administration felt that, for Western Europe, an economic union would be needed. These nations would have to be on the same page if they were not to go communists or be controlled by communists. Accordingly, on June 5, 1947, Secretary of State Marshall spoke of the need to promote free institutions in Europe through their restoration with American aid (Marshall Plan, par. 15).

Change Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I stepped on to that British Airways flight to London, England I didn't know this would turn out to be one on the most changing experiences of my life. It started like this after playing a soccer match with some friends at a local school, we began to look forward to what we were going to do tonight. So after we got home and took a bath, we called up a few friends and the plan for the night was chalked out, as we would go to some clubs and other night spots London is often associated with. Then after confirming were we were going to meet up, we got dressed up, and left to where we could catch a bus, which would take us to the train station, to meet the others. After we met up and boarded the train some people from the group started to talk ... Change Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I stepped on to that British Airways flight to London, England I didn't know this would turn out to be one on the most changing experiences of my life. It started like this after playing a soccer match with some friends at a local school, we began to look forward to what we were going to do tonight. So after we got home and took a bath, we called up a few friends and the plan for the night was chalked out, as we would go to some clubs and other night spots London is often associated with. Then after confirming were we were going to meet up, we got dressed up, and left to where we could catch a bus, which would take us to the train station, to meet the others. After we met up and boarded the train some people from the group started to talk ...

Tribal Ressetlement

Displacement, rehabilitation and resettlement of tribal from Indian's protected areas Table of Contents Problem Statement: 1 Relevance/ Rationale: Methodology: 2 Findings: 2 Conclusion:3 Bibliography 3 Problem Statement: To identify the Issues related to displacement, rehabilitation and resettlement of tribal from Indian's protected areas. Relevance/ Rationale: Conflicting claims over natural resources have always been there, whether between man and other species, or among men.With the advent of Industrialization and the burgeoning population, the forests of India are faced with immense pressure, which ranchers to its inhabitants, both human and wild. To safeguard the dimming biodiversity of India, Protected areas have been made, and many tribal who reside in these areas are relocated to areas outside the parks. The tribal have been living in forest and mountainous regions, with in the close proximity of nature. The economy of the tribal has been primarily hunting-foraging and shifti ng cultivation.More than of the tribal, to a large extant depend on forests and forests resources for their livelihood. The scheduled tribes have been facing many socio-economic and psychological problems since historical times. The forest laws have curtailed the free movement of tribal In forest regions. The tribal rights on the forest lands have severely affected. Slightly cultivation (Condo Pod) has been regulated by restrictions on the use of forests. Use of Minor Forest Produces (Maps) by tribal has been reduced to a large extent.Exploitation by money lenders and contractors, problems of credit and market for Minor Forest Produces (Maps), poverty, hunger, malnutrition and impoverishment are the important evils, which the tribal have been facing since long time (Miser, 2000). Land alienation and displacement are the major problems, which eave been haunting, most of the tribal groups. Most of the tribal groups have virtually reached a state of total collapse and seem to be fighti ng a grim battle for survival. The occurrence of tribal revolts for land rights In different parts of the country Is Its testimony.The large scale land transfers to non-tribal culminated In armed tribal uprisings In the late 19th and early 20th centuries. British administration In India Introduced several legislations to prevent tribal land alienation. In order to ensure that the customary rights of the tribal on land are protected, the Agency Tracts Interest and Land Transfer Act (ATILT) were remunerated in 1 ). While there exists a National Rehabilitation Policy, many relocated tribal face issues ranging from discomforts to fatalities.Given the low levels of awareness among tribal residing in protected areas, there is also a chance that many requirements are not met, even because of their being unaware of their rights. It is in this context that we intend to research the issues in resettlement and rehabilitation, covering pre- relocation, post resettlement, and the process in betw een, to see what issues may exist. Methodology: Study Site: Childcare – Tassel, Amalgamate. It is a Scheduled Area and main resident of rear are Koru-a Scheduled Tribe. Koru is the predominant tribe in the region .Their dialect is Koru but Hindi is also commonly spoken among them. The major part of Amalgamate region is covered with Tiger Reserve (buffer zone) and the reserve forest. Data for this assignment was collected in both primary and secondary methods. Primary data was collected prior to the assignment during December 2012. Secondary data was collected mainly through use of the internet, from papers and articles published online, as well as from Journals that were accessed online. Primary data was collected during December 2012.The data collected is mainly in the forms of photographs of the settlement, including amenities provided in the newly established villages, and an unstructured interview of a few affected people which was photographed. The persons to be intervie wed were selected based on Judgment sampling, where we went beyond the main road of the village where the authorities took us to, and interviewed persons living in the homes in the nearby lanes. Due to unfamiliarity with the people's customs, we took along with us a local who showed us other homes.Four families were represented in the interview by members who were available, out of 200 families in the village. Figure 1: Photograph taken at study site Findings: Multiple issues were identified in the course of this assignment, including: * The displaced tribal and other weaker sections are getting normalized. * These people are not skilled they don't find any employment in urban set-up, and they are forced to occupations like rag picking, rickshaw pulling and even bonded labor. As the tribal are illiterate and innocent, they are exploited by the traders and non-tribal in most cases. Most often they take loans from traders and non-tribal and remain indebted. * Lack of general sanitatio n in the new settlement. * Increased mortality rate in the village (as reported by the affected people) – The toll of malaria in Amalgamate is very high. Due to this malaria impact the general vitality of people is very low and people also fall prey to pneumonia, bronchitis and other disease.All these clubbed together known as Amalgamate fever (Kandahar, 2004). * Lack of healthcare facilities, which were provided to them before relocation. * Lack of proximity to modern amenities. * Lack of proximity or access to NTP as well as medicinal plants. Low levels of awareness of financial planning has led to bad investments by people, leaving many people with no option but to be daily wage laborers. * Lack of proximity to schools. Lack of care at government hospitals meaner the people visit private hospitals, and as a result have difficulties paying for treatment, often depleting their savings, which including the 10 lake rupee compensation which is their only solid security Disturbe d social structure as number of family members over 18 years is the criterion for deciding compensation, leading to dissatisfaction among those with argue land holdings in the forest. * Cost of agricultural land is very high in the new location, so the pursuit of agriculture is difficult, as their compensation does not match the high cost. Malnutrition – shortage of food supplies and lack of medical facilities by the concerned departments. * The locals were charged for relocation costs, which very significantly high, given that they were relocated with their homes. Conclusion: There exists a significant gap between policy and requirement, and also between policy and implementation. Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) policies at he National and State Levels, though are expected to safeguard the interests of the displaced persons, they are not practiced in the right spirit.Rehabilitation apart from depriving them of their lands, livelihoods and resource-base, displacement ha s other traumatic psychological and socio-cultural consequences. It is a slow and continuous process, which requires an organized effort over a period of time. There should be more emphasis on improved communication, it results in a more effective grievance redressed process from the perspective of local people, which in turn ensures that robbers in the rehabilitation process are addressed before they become too serious.

Discount rate

The rate used to discount future cash flows to their present values is a key variable of this process. A firm's weighted average cost of capital (after tax) is often used, but many people believe that it is appropriate to use higher discount rates to adjust for risk or other factors. A variable discount rate with higher rates applied to cash flows occurring further along the time span might be used to reflect the yield curve premium for long-term debt. Another approach to choosing the discount rate factor is to decide the rate which the capital needed for the project could return if invested in an alternative venture. If, for example, the capital required for Project A can earn five percent elsewhere, use this discount rate in the NPV calculation to allow a direct comparison to be made between Project A and the alternative. Related to this concept is to use the firm's Reinvestment Rate. Reinvestment rate can be defined as the rate of return for the firm's investments on average. When analyzing projects in a capital constrained environment, it may be appropriate to use the reinvestment rate rather than the firm's weighted average cost of capital as the discount factor. It reflects opportunity cost of investment, rather than the possibly lower cost of capital. An NPV calculated using variable discount rates (if they are known for the duration of the investment) better reflects the real situation than one calculated from a constant discount rate for the entire investment duration. Refer to the tutorial article written by Samuel Baker[3] for more detailed relationship between the NPV value and the discount rate. For some professional investors, their investment funds are committed to target a specified rate of return. In such cases, that rate of return should be selected as the discount rate for the NPV calculation. In this way, a direct comparison can be made between the profitability of the project and the desired rate of return. To some extent, the selection of the discount rate is dependent on the use to which it will be put. If the intent is simply to determine whether a project will add value to the company, using the firm's weighted average cost of capital may be appropriate. If trying to decide between alternative investments in order to maximize the value of the firm, the corporate reinvestment rate would probably be a etter choice. Using variable rates over time, or discounting â€Å"guaranteed† cash flows differently from â€Å"at risk† cash flows may be a superior methodology, but is seldom used in practice. Using the discount rate to adjust for risk is often difficult to do in practice (especially internationally), and is difficult to do well. An alternative to using discount factor to adjust for risk is to explicitly correct the cash flows for the risk elements using rNPV or a similar method, then discount at the firm's rate. Discount rate The rate used to discount future cash flows to their present values is a key variable of this process. A firm's weighted average cost of capital (after tax) is often used, but many people believe that it is appropriate to use higher discount rates to adjust for risk or other factors. A variable discount rate with higher rates applied to cash flows occurring further along the time span might be used to reflect the yield curve premium for long-term debt. Another approach to choosing the discount rate factor is to decide the rate which the capital needed for the project could return if invested in an alternative venture. If, for example, the capital required for Project A can earn five percent elsewhere, use this discount rate in the NPV calculation to allow a direct comparison to be made between Project A and the alternative. Related to this concept is to use the firm's Reinvestment Rate. Reinvestment rate can be defined as the rate of return for the firm's investments on average. When analyzing projects in a capital constrained environment, it may be appropriate to use the reinvestment rate rather than the firm's weighted average cost of capital as the discount factor. It reflects opportunity cost of investment, rather than the possibly lower cost of capital. An NPV calculated using variable discount rates (if they are known for the duration of the investment) better reflects the real situation than one calculated from a constant discount rate for the entire investment duration. Refer to the tutorial article written by Samuel Baker[3] for more detailed relationship between the NPV value and the discount rate. For some professional investors, their investment funds are committed to target a specified rate of return. In such cases, that rate of return should be selected as the discount rate for the NPV calculation. In this way, a direct comparison can be made between the profitability of the project and the desired rate of return. To some extent, the selection of the discount rate is dependent on the use to which it will be put. If the intent is simply to determine whether a project will add value to the company, using the firm's weighted average cost of capital may be appropriate. If trying to decide between alternative investments in order to maximize the value of the firm, the corporate reinvestment rate would probably be a etter choice. Using variable rates over time, or discounting â€Å"guaranteed† cash flows differently from â€Å"at risk† cash flows may be a superior methodology, but is seldom used in practice. Using the discount rate to adjust for risk is often difficult to do in practice (especially internationally), and is difficult to do well. An alternative to using discount factor to adjust for risk is to explicitly correct the cash flows for the risk elements using rNPV or a similar method, then discount at the firm's rate.

Could Medical Services Management be for You

Could Medical Services Management be for You Are you interested in a health care career, but want to go a different route than practicing medicine and handling patient care? A great and lucrative option is a career as a medical services manager.  Behind the scenes of any medical facility–whether it be an office, a clinic, a hospital, or an assisted living center–is someone in charge of logistics, making the wheels turn and the operations run smoothly. A medical services manager oversees many aspects of a medical facility: billing, patient flow, scheduling, hiring, and much more. As the health care system continues to change rapidly with evolving technology, more demand for preventative care, and constant shifts in national regulations, someone on staff must be in charge to manage the constant flow of people and information.And it’s a career on the rise: the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that demand for the profession will rise 23% in the next 8 years.Think of the medical services manager as the glue that holds a center together–a master planner and organizer who who handles the day-to-day business, making it easier for medical professionals to tend to patients.Consider this rewarding and lucrative position in the health care field if you want to play a role shaping the future of the industry.

German Exercise on Wann, Wenn and Als

German Exercise on Wann, Wenn and Als When is not necessarily an easy translation in German. There are three words you need to know to express different English variations of when. They are wann, wenn, and als.   A Quick Lesson On Als In German Als means as, when or then, depending on its context. Its the when translation that stumps most German learners. One way to remember it:  als  refers to when in the past, whereas  wenn  (more on that below) refers to when in the future or hypothetically.   When in the past: I should have bought bread when I went to the store. When in the future: When I graduate culinary school, I will make my own bread. Als  can be used when you assign a role to something, like as a child. You could also think of this sentence as saying when I was a child, which works with the when-in-the-past rule. But thats not always the case. Sometimes, the as is more like an as if it is a, such as you can use the box as a table. In German, thats als. Similarly,  als  is used to compare things.   A Quick Lesson on Wann/Wenn Click on  wann/wenn  to review the differences between those two words. An easy way to think of it is  wann  refers to time. Wenn is a bit more complicated. But the good news is, once you memorize the four situations when  wenn  works, the German language rarely breaks its rules.   A German Exercise Now test your knowledge.   The following exercise requires you to fill in the blanks with either the word als, wenn or wann. You will find the answers to this exercise on the next page. 1. ______ du genug schlfst, dann bist du niemals mà ¼de.2.______ kannst du morgen kommen?3. Er ist grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸er _____ ich.4. Sag mir bitte, ______ ich vorbeikommen kann.5. ______ es dir nichts ausmacht, dann werde ich hier bleiben.6. ______ ich klein war, sang ich viel.7. Es gibt nichts Lustigeres ______ ein Clown.8. ______ ich Zeit htte, wà ¼rde ich viel mehr lesen.9. Ich weiß, ______ meine Freundin kommt.10. Ich weiß, dass _______ meine Freundin kommt, werden wir viel Spaß haben. 1. Wenn du genug schlfst, dann bist du niemals mà ¼de.2. Wann kannst du morgen kommen?3. Er ist grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸er als ich.4. Sag mir bitte, wann ich vorbeikommen kann.5.Wenn es dir nichts ausmacht, dann werde ich hier bleiben.6. Als ich klein war, sang ich viel.7. Es gibt nichts Lustigeres als ein Clown.8. Wenn ich Zeit htte, wà ¼rde ich viel mehr lesen.9. Ich weiß, wann meine Freundin kommt.10. Ich weiß, dass wenn meine Freundin kommt, dann werden wir viel Spaß haben.

Class oberservation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Class oberservation - Essay Example progressive education for our society. I went to the Academy of Saint Joseph Catholic School in Brentwood New York to observe first graders. I would have to say it was a great experience. Before I entered the class room, I had a conversation with the principal, Sister Kerry. She explained to me that each teacher had their own style of teaching and were allowed to express themselves in any way possible to get their children to learn. One thing that was extremely obvious was their school philosophy. As soon as you entered the school, there was an extremely large poster board. The underlying philosophy and rules of the organization of an idealistic system were very clear. It was a list of the things that they believed in, and what they wanted the children to focus on. Keeping all these in mind, I entered the class room where I was introduced to Ms. McGeiald. Once again the children were as cute as a button. I arrived early so the class was just getting started. The teacher explained to me that the children were working on their diaries – writing down complete sentences of the things they did over the holidays. At the beginning of the year, they started out with one sentence and now they were up to five.

Total reward system proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Total reward system proposal - Coursework Example to the overview provided above, it is clear that Rational Holidays will only be capable of meeting its HR needs if it adequately accomplishes a number of crucial elements. According to WorldatWork (2007), the primary aims of a TR strategy are to communicate a unique value proposition that sufficiently meets the needs of current and potential employees in order to minimize unnecessary employee turnover. Secondly, the strategy aims to offer a framework for the design, administration and communication of rewards programs by employers. To achieve these objectives, Rational Holidays must conceive a suitable strategy involving the various elements: The first element is to lay out the company’s strategies. In other words, the firm must first articulate its core values together with its business strategies. Particularly, the firm must spell out how the proposed strategy will ensure that the business needs as well as aims are met. In addition to this, the company will need to stipulate exact timelines when goals are set to be achieved. The second vital element that be encompassed in the TR strategy is the statement of the firm’s overall objectives. It is well-known that multinational companies operate in an environment that is highly diverse, from a number of perspectives. Apart from the diverse legal requirements involved, multinationals have to respond to different customer needs, just the same way that it has to deal with the demands and conflicting opinions of numerous shareholders. As a result, the TR strategy for Rational Holidays will need to include distinctive statements that outline how the system will uphold these diverse needs. To accomplish this, the approach will need to clearly delineate the roles that will be played by every reward element. The third element is prominence. Every TR strategy ought to give a general description of the superiority of compensation rewards over other tools with an impact on actions as well as decisions. To achieve this